.In computing, sequence containers refer to a group of in the of the that implement storage of data elements. Being, they can be used to store arbitrary elements, such as integers or custom classes. One common property of all sequential containers is that the elements can be accessed sequentially. Like all other standard library components, they reside in std.The following containers are defined in the current revision of the C standard: array, vector, list, forwardlist, deque. Each of these containers implements different algorithms for data storage, which means that they have different speed guarantees for different operations:.
array implements a compile-time non-resizable array. vector implements an array with fast and an ability to automatically resize when appending elements. deque implements a with comparatively fast random access. list implements a. forwardlist implements a.Since each of the containers needs to be able to copy its elements in order to function properly, the type of the elements must fulfill CopyConstructible and Assignable requirements.
Illustrates the basic use of the Vector class for working with vectors in C#. Visual Basic code F# code IronPython code Back to QuickStart Samples. Using System; namespace Extreme. CSharp // The Vector class resides in the Extreme.Mathematics.LinearAlgebra // namespace.
For a given container, all elements must belong to the same type. For instance, one cannot store data in the form of both and within the same container instance. This section needs expansion. You can help. ( December 2011)Originally, only vector, list and deque were defined. Until the standardization of the C language in 1998, they were part of the (STL), published by.The array container at first appeared in several books under various names.
Later it was incorporated into a library, and was proposed for inclusion in the standard C library. The motivation for inclusion of array was that it solves two problems of the C-style array: the lack of an STL-like interface, and an inability to be copied like any other object.
It firstly appeared in and later was incorporated into.The forwardlist container was added to C11 as a space-efficient alternative to list when reverse iteration is not needed.Properties array, vector and deque all support fast random access to the elements. List supports bidirectional iteration, whereas forwardlist supports only unidirectional iteration.array does not support element insertion or removal. Vector supports fast element insertion or removal at the end. Any insertion or removal of an element not at the end of the vector needs elements between the insertion position and the end of the vector to be copied. The to the affected elements are thus invalidated. In fact, any insertion can potentially invalidate all iterators.
Also, if the allocated storage in the vector is too small to insert elements, a new array is allocated, all elements are copied or moved to the new array, and the old array is freed. Deque, list and forwardlist all support fast insertion or removal of elements anywhere in the container. List and forwardlist preserves validity of iterators on such operation, whereas deque invalidates all of them.Vector The elements of a vector are stored contiguously. Like all implementations, vectors have low memory usage and good and utilization. Unlike other STL containers, such as and, vectors allow the user to denote an initial capacity for the container.Vectors allow; that is, an element of a vector may be referenced in the same manner as elements of arrays (by array indices). Linked-lists and, on the other hand, do not support random access or pointer arithmetic.The vector data structure is able to quickly and easily allocate the necessary memory needed for specific data storage, and it is able to do so in amortized constant time. This is particularly useful for storing data in lists whose length may not be known prior to setting up the list but where removal (other than, perhaps, at the end) is rare.
Erasing elements from a vector or even clearing the vector entirely does not necessarily free any of the memory associated with that element.Capacity and reallocation A typical vector implementation consists, internally, of a pointer to a array, and possibly data members holding the capacity and size of the vector. The size of the vector refers to the actual number of elements, while the capacity refers to the size of the internal array.When new elements are inserted, if the new size of the vector becomes larger than its capacity, reallocation occurs. This typically causes the vector to allocate a new region of storage, move the previously held elements to the new region of storage, and free the old region.Because the of the elements change during this process, any references or to elements in the vector become invalidated. Using an invalidated reference causes.The reserve operation may be used to prevent unnecessary reallocations.
After a call to reserve(n), the vector's capacity is guaranteed to be at least n.The vector maintains a certain order of its elements, so that when a new element is inserted at the beginning or in the middle of the vector, subsequent elements are moved backwards in terms of their. Consequently, references and iterators to elements after the insertion point become invalidated.C vectors do not support in-place reallocation of memory, by design; i.e., upon reallocation of a vector, the memory it held will always be copied to a new block of memory using its elements' copy constructor, and then released. This is inefficient for cases where the vector holds and additional contiguous space beyond the held block of memory is available for allocation.Specialization for bool The Standard Library defines a specialization of the vector template for bool. The description of this specialization indicates that the implementation should pack the elements so that every bool only uses one bit of memory. This is widely considered a mistake. Vector does not meet the requirements for a container.
For instance, a container::reference must be a true of type T. This is not the case with vector::reference, which is a convertible to bool.
![Bit vector c example Bit vector c example](/uploads/1/2/5/5/125513656/953438677.jpg)
Similarly, the vector::iterator does not yield a bool& when. There is a general consensus among the C Standard Committee and the Library Working Group that vector should be deprecated and subsequently removed from the standard library, while the functionality will be reintroduced under a different name.
List The list data structure implements a. Data is stored non-contiguously in memory which allows the list data structure to avoid the reallocation of memory that can be necessary with vectors when new elements are inserted into the list.The list data structure allocates and deallocates memory as needed; therefore, it does not allocate memory that it is not currently using.
Memory is freed when an element is removed from the list.Lists are efficient when inserting new elements in the list; this is an O(1) operation. No shifting is required like with vectors.Lists do not have random access ability like vectors (O(1) operation). Accessing a node in a list is an O(n) operation that requires a list traversal to find the node that needs to be accessed.With small data types (such as ints) the memory overhead is much more significant than that of a vector. Each node takes up sizeof(type) + 2.
sizeof(type.). Pointers are typically one (usually four bytes under 32-bit operating systems), which means that a list of four byte integers takes up approximately three times as much memory as a vector of integers.Forward list The forwardlist data structure implements a.Deque deque is a container class template that implements a. It provides similar to vector for most operations, with the notable exception that it provides insertion and removal from both ends of the element sequence. Unlike vector, deque uses discontiguous blocks of memory, and provides no means to control the capacity of the container and the moment of reallocation of memory. Like vector, deque offers support for, and insertion and removal of elements invalidates all iterators to the deque.Array array implements a compile-time non-resizable.
The size is determined at compile-time by a template parameter. By design, the container does not support. Unlike the other standard containers, array does not provide constant-time.Overview of functions The containers are defined in headers named after the names of the containers, e.g. Vector is defined in header.
C Standard Library - A Tutorial and Reference. Addison-Wesley.
/ (2003). §23.1 Container requirements lib.container.requirements para.
§23.2.4 Class template vector lib.vector para. §23.2.4.3 vector modifiers lib.vector.modifiers para. §23.2.4.2 vector capacity lib.vector.capacity para. §23.2.4.2 vector capacity lib.vector.capacity para. §23.2.4.3 vector modifiers lib.vector.modifiers para.
§23.2.5 Class vector lib.vector.bool para. Retrieved 28 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017. / (2003). §23.2.5 Class vector lib.vector.bool para. Retrieved 28 June 2018.